Литература

1. George A. Steiner and John В. Miner, Management Policy and Strategy (New York: Macmillan, 1977), p. 158.

2. Ibid, p. 158.

3. В 1970 г. 80% молодых американцев были выпускниками средней школы по сравнению с 16,5% — в 1920 г. S. W. Ginzberg, «Changing American Economy and Labor Force», in The Worker and the Job, ed. Rosow (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974).

4. Anthony P. Raia, Managing by Objectives (Glenview, Ill- Scott, Foresman, 1974), p. 11.

5. Peter F. Drucker, The Practice of Management (New York; Harper & Row, 1954).

6. George S. Odiorne, Management by Objectives (New York: Pitman, 1965).

7. Raia, op. cit.

8. H. H. Meyer, E. Kay, and J. P. P. French, «Split Roles in Performance Appraisal», Harvard Business Review, vol. 43 (1965), pp. 123-129.

9. Anthony P. Raia, «Management by Objective» in Theory and Practice», Southern Journal of Business, 1968, pp. 11-20.

10. Stephen J. Carroll, Jr., and Henry L. Tosi, Jr., Management by Objectives (New York: Macmillan, 1973), p. 31

11. Drucker, op. at., pp. 128-129.

12. Ibid.

13. Raia, Managing by Objectives, p. 17

14. Ibid., pp. 68-69.

15. Edward A. Locke, «Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 3 (1968), pp. 157-189; Edward A. Locke, «Performance Goals as Determinants of Level of Performance in Boredom,» Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 51 (1967), pp. 120-130; J. F. Bryan and E. A. Locke, «Goal Setting as a Means of Increasing Motivation», Journal of Applied. Psychology, vol. 51 (1967), pp. 274-277.

16. E. E. Smith and S. S. Knight, «Effects of Feedback on Insight and Problem Solving Efficiency in Training Groups», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 43 (1959), pp. 209-211; J. A. White, J. Antoninetti, and S. R. Wallace, «The Effect of Home Office Contact on Sales Performance», Personnel Psychology, vol. 7 (1954), pp. 381-384; L. Miller, «The Use of Knowledge of Results in Improving the Perfonnancc of Hourly Operators», General Electric Company Behavioral Research Survey, 1965; P. S. Hundal, «Knowledge of Performance as an Incentive in Repetitive Industrial Work», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 53 (1969), pp. 224-226.

17. См. работы Друкера, Одиорне, Кэрролла и Тоси по вопросам МВО, цитируемые ранее.

18. Raia, Managing by Objectives, pp. 149-151.

19. Walker Kiechel III, «Corporate Strategists Under Fire», Fortune, December 27,1982, p. 34.

20. Adapted from Business Week, May 9,1977, pp. 34-35.