1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing lateral plosion.
a)
| [pl] | [bl] | |||
| please plan plenty plastic plant plum plural plane plosion splendid | apple people simple sample example couple employ complain helpless hopeless | bleak black bless block blond blood blue blame blind blouse | table double grumble global problem stumbling Dublin public edible terrible | horrible possible probable changeable reliable incredible responsible available unforgettable |
| [tl] | [dl] | ||
| little battle kattle metal bottle cutlet gentleman softly greatly brightly | mostly definitely exactly completely absolutely spotless thoughtless faultless Scotland | candle pedal paddle fiddle middle medal model idle idol | badly madly deadly hardly headline deadline deadlock endless childless regardless godliness Madeleine |
| [kl] | [gl] | ||
| clean clever class clerk clock clear climate cloud close (v.) close (n.) cloth | clothes clare ankle wrinkle unkle circle bicycle vehicle chocolate duckling declare conclusion | glad glimpse glitter glove glass glance gloomy glide globe Gloria glossary glamorous | wriggle eagle angle smuggle struggle burglar English piglet ugly |
b)
| pace – place peas – please pasta – plaster pain – plain late – plate lace – place peasant – pleasant cup – couple campaign – complain compete – complete | lit – little cat – cattle bat – battle pet – petal it – it’ll that – that’ll met – metal what – what’ll | keen – clean loud – cloud cap – clap lip – clip leer – clear rink – wrinkle geographic – geographical economic – economical |
| beak – bleak back – black bind – blind lame – blame link – blink low – blow dull – double globe – global similar – symbol | need – needle mid – middle rid – riddle pad – paddle candy – candle dead – deadly I’d – idle | lad – glad love – glove lied – glide eager – eagle anger – angle smug – smuggle burger – burglar |
c)
–ly
bad – badly, mad – madly, dead – deadly, hard – hardly, frank – frankly, quick – quickly, soft – softly, late – lately, great – greatly, most – mostly, vague – vaguely, exact – exactly, definite – definitely, honest – honestly, complete – completely, absolute – absolutely
–able/–ible
eat – eatable (edible), terror – terrible, horror – horrible, comfort – comfortable, enjoy – enjoyable, response – responsible, rely – reliable, change – changeable, forget – (un)forgettable, regret – regrettable, understand – understandable
–less
help – helpless, hope – hopeless, spot – spotless, thought – thoughtless, fault – faultless, end – endless, regard – regardless, reck – reckless, thank – thankless
d)
[p + l]
stop laughing, to get up late, to sleep like a log, keep left, help Lucy, top level, ripe lemons, cheap lodging
[t + l]
a short-list, best-looking, tight-lipped, at last, at least, just looking, it’ll be, that’ll do, a minute later, to get lost, street lighting, most likely
[k + l]
speak louder, traffic lights, block letters, book learning, shake lightly, like lightning, to take liberties, to pick lavender
[b + l]
the tub leaks, to bribe lawyers, a kerb level, herb liqueur, a mob leader, sob love stories, Bob looks, to describe lots of details
[d + l]
I’d like, bad luck, good looks, a hard layer, grand luxury, the road leads, there’s some bread left
[g + l]
in vague language, a dog lead, a dog leash, a big lawn, a big loan, hug little John
- Aspiration. Degrees of Aspiration.
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practise different degrees of aspiration in the following words:
- In a department store
- Leisure
- Loss of Plosion.
- Sound Drills.
- 3. Practise the following fragments of connected speech focusing on loss of plosion.
- Nasal Plosion.
- Sound Drills.
- Duty of the student
- Lateral Plosion
- Sound Drills
- 1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing lateral plosion.
- 2. Practise lateral plosion in connected speech.
- Fricative Plosion.
- 1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing close coarticulation of plosive and fricative consonants.
- 2. Practise fricative plosion in connected speech.
- To a False Friend
- Making a Cake
- Alveolar consonants before [0, 8].
- Sound Drills
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases. Be sure to make the sounds [t, d, n, l, s, z] dental before [0] and [8]
- 2. Practise the clusters of alveolar consonants preceding [0, 8] in connected speech.
- Boiled Eggs
- Sonants
- General Remarks
- 1. Modifications of the length of English sonants.
- 2. The syllabic function of the sonants in English
- 3. Devoicing of the sonants.
- Consonant sounds that link words.
- Linking [r]
- Consonantal glides [w] and [j]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practise the linking [r], [w] and [j] at the junction of words. Be sure to make the glides [w] and [j] sound very short.
- 2. Practise linking at word-boundaries in connected speech.
- Rain dying out
- Combinations of consonants with [w]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [w]
- 2. Practise consonant clusters with [w] in connected speech.
- Consonant clusters with [r]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [r]
- 1) Complete devoicing of [r]
- 2) Partial devoicing of [r]
- 3) Double assimilation
- 2. Practise consonant clusters with [r] in connected speech.
- Airport announcements.
- Travelling by train.
- Absence of assimilation in some consonant clusters.
- No assimilation according to the place or manner of articulation of English consonants
- No assimilation according to the work of the vocal cords
- Sound Drills.
- 2. Practise the difficult consonant clusters in the following contexts. Observe absence of assimilation.
- Monday’s child
- The House That Jack Built
- A vacant seat