Making a Cake
– Move out of my way, Peter. I want to make a cake.
– How do you make a cake, Mum?
– Fancy you being interested. Well, listen and I’ll tell you. First you take some flour and add the eggs. Oh, no, that’s wrong. You mix the fat and sugar first. But you’d better watch me doing it. Now look, first I mix the fat and the sugar. There, do you see?
– Yes.
– Then I add the eggs, one by one with a little flour and beat them into a mixture.
– Why do you beat them?
– Well, eggs help to make the cake rise nieely if you beat them. And then I add the rest of the dry things.
– What are the dry things?
– Oh, the rest of the flour, the fruit if you are making a fruit-cake or the chocolate powder if it’s a chocolate cake. It depends what sort of cake you are making.
– Make a chocolate cake.
– Yes, that’s what I’m doing. Now I stir in a little baking powder.
– Does that make the cake rise too?
– Yes, but not until you heat it.
– Is that chocolate powder you are putting in now, Mum?
– Of course it is.
– I say, Mum.
– What is it, Peter?
– What’s the salt for?
– What salt, I don’t put salt in a cake.
– You did, you know. Perhaps you thought it was sugar.
– What! Oh, good gracious! I’ve put salt in instead of sugar. The cake is spoiled. What a shame. Those lovely eggs. I’m always doing things like that. Now I shall have to begin again and make buns instead. They don’t need eggs.
(From ‘Meet the Parkers’ by D. Hicks)
- Aspiration. Degrees of Aspiration.
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practise different degrees of aspiration in the following words:
- In a department store
- Leisure
- Loss of Plosion.
- Sound Drills.
- 3. Practise the following fragments of connected speech focusing on loss of plosion.
- Nasal Plosion.
- Sound Drills.
- Duty of the student
- Lateral Plosion
- Sound Drills
- 1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing lateral plosion.
- 2. Practise lateral plosion in connected speech.
- Fricative Plosion.
- 1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing close coarticulation of plosive and fricative consonants.
- 2. Practise fricative plosion in connected speech.
- To a False Friend
- Making a Cake
- Alveolar consonants before [0, 8].
- Sound Drills
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases. Be sure to make the sounds [t, d, n, l, s, z] dental before [0] and [8]
- 2. Practise the clusters of alveolar consonants preceding [0, 8] in connected speech.
- Boiled Eggs
- Sonants
- General Remarks
- 1. Modifications of the length of English sonants.
- 2. The syllabic function of the sonants in English
- 3. Devoicing of the sonants.
- Consonant sounds that link words.
- Linking [r]
- Consonantal glides [w] and [j]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practise the linking [r], [w] and [j] at the junction of words. Be sure to make the glides [w] and [j] sound very short.
- 2. Practise linking at word-boundaries in connected speech.
- Rain dying out
- Combinations of consonants with [w]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [w]
- 2. Practise consonant clusters with [w] in connected speech.
- Consonant clusters with [r]
- Sound Drills.
- 1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [r]
- 1) Complete devoicing of [r]
- 2) Partial devoicing of [r]
- 3) Double assimilation
- 2. Practise consonant clusters with [r] in connected speech.
- Airport announcements.
- Travelling by train.
- Absence of assimilation in some consonant clusters.
- No assimilation according to the place or manner of articulation of English consonants
- No assimilation according to the work of the vocal cords
- Sound Drills.
- 2. Practise the difficult consonant clusters in the following contexts. Observe absence of assimilation.
- Monday’s child
- The House That Jack Built
- A vacant seat