2. Freedom of choice and enterprise.
Freedom of choice and enterprise means that individuals are free to buy and hire economic resources, to organize these resources for production, and to sell their products in the markets of their own choice. Persons who undertake these activities are known as entrepreneurs and such people are free to enter and leave the industry.
Freedom of choice means that owners of land and capital may use these resources as they see fit. It also means that workers are free to enter (and leave) any occupation for which they are qualified. Finally it means that consumers are free to spend their incomes in any way they wish. The freedom of consumer choice is usually held to be the most important of these economic ‘freedoms’. In the models of capitalism, producers respond to consumers’ preferences – they produce whatever consumers demand.
Self-interest.
Since capitalism is based on the principle that individuals should be free, to do as they wish, it is not surprising to find that the motive for economic activity is self-interest. Each unit in the economy attempts to do what is best for itself. Firms will act in ways which, they believe, will lead to maximum profits (or minimum losses). Owners of land and capital will employ these assets so as to obtain the highest possible rewards. Workers will spend their incomes on those things which yield the maximum satisfaction.
- Федеральное агентство по образованию
- I. Введение
- Указания по работе с текстами для самостоятельной работы дома (10 тыс. Знаков).
- I семестр Outside Sources of Financing
- Vocabulary
- Short-term financing
- Long-term financing
- 1. Short-term financing is money that will be used for one year or less and then repaid.
- Answer the questions:
- Accounting General definition of accounting
- The basis for the accounting process
- A balance sheet
- An income statement
- The importance of the above two statements
- 1.General definition of accounting
- 2. The basis for the accounting process
- 3. A balance sheet
- 4. An income statement
- 5. The importance of the above two statements
- Answer the questions:
- In other words, the management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals.
- Questions to the text:
- Forms of business in the usa Active vocabulary
- Questions to the text:
- Is the record-keeping and report-filing so necessary for sole traders in the usa?
- Forms of Business Ownership Active vocabulary
- III семестр Text 1. Currency and Other Forms of Exchange
- In which two ways might a creditor who needed the money dispose of a Bill? Text 2. Depositing Money with a Bank
- Questions on the text
- In what circumstances an overdraft on current account is permissible?
- Text 4. Bank Investments
- In general the banks do not lend to industry for long periods of time or for investment projects. They regard themselves as providing working capital rather than fixed capital.
- Assets and Liabilities
- Bookkeeping as Part of Accounting Cycle Active vocabulary
- Accounting Information Active vocabulary
- Questions to the text:
- Специальность мен, гму IV семестр (6-летки) the manager's role /3 000 3hak0b/
- Decision-making /4 000 знаков/
- In carrying out management functions, such as planning, organizing motivating and controlling, a manager will be continually making decisions. Decision-making is a key management responsibility.
- Traditional economies
- Market economies
- 2. Freedom of choice and enterprise.
- 4. Competition.
- 5. Markets and prices.
- Command Economies
- Mixed Economies
- Notes to the text:
- Inflow (out flow) приток (отлив, отток)
- If the company is doing badly and the shareholders sell their shares they get…
- If there is a regular inflow of receipts from sales and regular outflow of payment for expenses … corporate finance
- Notes to the text:
- Interest on bond has to be paid out …
- Why finance?
- I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- In financing business operation, a company relies almost entirely on short-term financing.
- The Balance Sheet
- What is accounting?
- In 1440s they were ... Who developed accounting further as a result of information needs.
- In the 19th century managers had to develop accounting systems ...
- Accounting
- Notes to the text
- Vocabulary Exercise
- Bookkeepers, accountants and controllers
- Notes to the text:
- Auditor and their report
- Notes to the text:
- Sole Proprietorship
- Corporation
- Large Corporations in the usa
- Corporate Finance
- What Special Problems Face Small Business
- Starting-up Financing
- 3 Семестр additional material banks and financial intermediaries
- In the form of checking accounts, savings accounts, or other types of bank deposits.
- Commercial banking
- Types of banks
- Bank of england
- Additional Material
- 4 Семестр managing in future
- Financial statements
- Bookkeping
- What is accounting
- The development of accounting thought
- The profession of an accountant in the usa
- Accounting industry in the usa
- Bookkepping as part of accounting
- Modern accounting system
- 1. Goods and services
- 2. Resources
- 3. Households
- 4. Markets
- The role of government
- The role of government (to be continued)
- The mixed economy
- In a mixed economy the government may also be a producer of private goods such as steel or motor cars. Examples of this in the uk include nationalized industries such as steel and coal.
- Can inflation be beneficial?
- Market Economy (1400)
- Mixed Economies (500)
- Содержание: